See bef on Wiktionary
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}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "beffe",
"4": "",
"5": "cap, collar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch beffe (“cap, collar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "biffe"
},
"expansion": "Old French biffe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beffchen"
},
"expansion": "German Beffchen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch beffe (“cap, collar”), from Old French biffe. Further origin uncertain. Compare German Beffchen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beffen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bef f (plural beffen, diminutive befje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bef"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"collar"
],
"links": [
[
"collar",
"collar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) collar"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an ornamental pair of bands worn hanging over the chest, notably as part of formal dress by magistrates, professors and certain Catholic and Protestant clergy"
],
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by analogy, any of certain other similar objects"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a patch on the throat or chest of a different color on cats or dogs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch slang"
],
"glosses": [
"the vulva"
],
"links": [
[
"vulva",
"vulva"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) the vulva"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "beffen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bef f (plural beffen, diminutive befje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bef"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a nickname for an unspecified small Dutch coin"
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bef"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of beffen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"beffen",
"beffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of beffen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"beffen",
"beffen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of beffen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of beffen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"beffen",
"beffen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mauritian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Mauritian Creole lemmas",
"Mauritian Creole nouns",
"Mauritian Creole terms derived from French",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mfe:Cattle",
"mfe:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "fr",
"3": "boeuf"
},
"expansion": "French boeuf",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French boeuf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beef"
],
"links": [
[
"beef",
"beef"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Mammals",
"enm:Meats"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "English: beef",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: beef (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Scots: beef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: beef"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "bovem"
},
"expansion": "Latin bovem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cou"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cou",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bouf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "buf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bief",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "befe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bef (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beef; cow flesh or meat"
],
"links": [
[
"beef",
"beef"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A bovine or its carcass"
],
"links": [
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"carcass",
"carcass"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bøːf/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beːf/"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Seychellois Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Seychellois Creole lemmas",
"Seychellois Creole nouns",
"Seychellois Creole terms derived from French",
"crs:Cattle",
"crs:Male animals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crs",
"2": "fr",
"3": "boeuf"
},
"expansion": "French boeuf",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French boeuf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Seychellois Creole",
"lang_code": "crs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beef"
],
"links": [
[
"beef",
"beef"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Latn",
"name": "mul-symbol/script"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Benabena terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-3",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Benabena."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Benabena."
]
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "befs",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bef",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o bef!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o befs!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "befu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "befs",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bef (nominative plural befs)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bef (nominative plural befs)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"alcove"
],
"links": [
[
"alcove",
"alcove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bef/"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bef meaning in All languages combined (11.1kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "bef/Middle English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bef",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.